The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation

The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation Pepperell reviews the inherent developments that characterize the process of globalisation and the implication that they have had on Algerians culture. In chapter one, he ascertains that globalisation has had significant impacts on the Algerian football and sport. Increasingly, the teams are expected to adhere to certain standards in order to attain global recognition. Thus their traditional values suffer detrimental effects as a result of erosion. The only limitation for this study pertains to its limited scope. Ngwainmbi, E. (2000), Africa in the Global Infosupermarket: Perspectives and Prospects. Journal of Black Studies, 30 (4), p 534-52 The author cites that technological advancements have adverse effects on the cultural and value systems of developing countries such as Africa. According to him, it has culminated in inequality as very few individuals can afford the technology and employ it for beneficial purposes. He recommends that respective governments are still faced with the challenge of educating the masses about the importance of technology and empowering them to have unlimited access to it. The study was considered important for the subject under review because of its useful insights regarding the impacts of technology on African culture. Barber, B.S. (1995), Jihad vs. McWorld, London: Random House The author describes globalisation as a process which produces a backlash. As a reaction to the supposed loss of their traditional values, lots of people from the third world retreat into religious fundamentalism. Barber was the first who puts Jihad and McWorld together. Herman, E. R. McChesney (1997), The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. New York: Continuum The authors put into focus the main agent of the spreading out of predominantly U.S values over the globe: The Media. For Herman McChesney, globalisation of media is predominantly related to capitalism and any expansion of a global culture destabilises the countrys ability to protect its Own culture, which is undermined by the wide-reaching wave of consumer culture. Rudra, N. (2002), Globalisation and the Decline of Welfare State in Less-Developed Countries, International Organization, Vol.56, p 411-445. Rudra explores the social and cultural issues in developing countries and underscores their relationship to globalisation. She maintains that Algeria for instance suffers the negative impacts of unemployment, low political power and lack of vital skills. She challenges political leaders to be more responsible about improving social welfare programs. By highlighting the relationship between social and cultural concerns and globalisation in Algeria, the study contributed immensely to the subject under review. Mander, J Goldsmith, E. (1996), The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Toward the Local, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books The authors have provided useful information regarding the negative impacts of globalisation on the cultural aspect of the society. By use of essays, they recommend that developing countries need to use local technologies in order to enhance sustainability. Various deductions that are related to this study contribute significantly to the review at hand. Bhargava, R. (2003), India in the face of globalisation, [Online]: http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-world/article_1006.jsp. Accessed on 05/08/2010 In his article, India in the face of globalisation, Rajeev Bhargava agrees to the only negative facets of globalisation and states that globalisation has to be combated, tamed or at least given a more human face. The focus was on globalisation in terms of how it affects both culture and trade in everydays world life. Schirato, T Webb, D. (2003), Understanding Globalisation, London: Sage The author dedicates an entire chapter to the exploration of the impacts of globalisation on culture within the developing world. From his point of view, third world economies that have blindly adopted international policies as opposed to domesticating them are likely to suffer devastating impacts as opposed to their counterparts. Speth, J. (2003), Worlds Apart: Globalisation and the Environment, USA: Island Press Speth asserts that globalisation has made the native societies to explore economic benefits of natural resources. This has culminated in environmental deterioration as a result of erosion of cultural values that were fundamental in environmental conservation. It is for this consideration that he study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Hefner, R.W. (1998), Market Cultures, Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalism, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. In discussions of cultural identity and Islam which is the religion of 99% of Algerian population, the author states that consumer culture has more often damaging effects on religion in terms of pleasure and hedonism. Marling, W. (2006), How America is Globalisation, Baltimore: J.H University Press The author ascertains the Americanization has had negative impacts on the local languages, education systems and eating habits of the natives societies. This has in return culminated in a change in local cultures as American values are adopted to address the needs of the native societies. The in depth exploration of these concerns influenced the adoption of this review for the current study. Schumpeter J. (1975), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy New York: Harper The author is the 1st one who famously labelled capitalism as a process of creative destruction. Although this worldwide expansion may help to boost economic, political and technological development, lots of people around the globe are worried about the impact that the capitalist phenomenon on the most precious characteristics of their cultural identity. Even though, globalisation can be considered as an extremely educational process by giving opportunities to gain new ideas and experiences, no destruction can be considered as creative. Cowen, T. (2002), Creative Destruction, How Globalisation is Changing the Worlds Cultures, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Reporting the work of Joseph Schumpeter (capitalism is a process of Creative Destruction.), the author uses a wide array of examples to underscore the different impacts of globalisation on world cultures. Essentially, he indicates that this has culminated in the development of a global culture and diversity has been compromised. He cites developing countries such as Algeria to have suffered the most because their cultural attributes are seldom incorporated in the world culture. It is for this reason that this study was considered imperative for this study. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf, Accessed on 19/07/2010 Hjavard asserts that the English language (French for Algeria) has increasingly assumed an elevated position is global operations. The article affirms that the media has played an integral role in perpetuating this state of affirms. Notably, Algeria has not been exempted from this and a global language is employed in communication. This has had negative impacts on the languages of the natives that have been threatened by erosion. Skutnabb-Kangas, T Phillipson, R. (2001), Language ecology: Dominance, Minoritization, Linguicide and Linguistic Rights. Copenhagen: Marianne The authors speak of linguistic genocide and point accusing fingers at cultural globalisation. Among the principal perpetrators of this linguistic (and cultural) genocide are formal education and mass media, and behind them are economic and political actors on a macro-level. Instead of speaking of death, which signifies a natural and unavoidable process, the 2 authors use the term mass murder to point out the premeditated nature of the phenomenon. Muyale-Manenji, F. (2007), The Effects of Globalisation on the Culture of Africa in the Eyes of an African Woman, [Online]: http://wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/effglob.html Accessed on 19/07/2010 The article ascertains that in the modern time, culture has become increasingly dynamic as a result of globalisation. The Algerian experience has not been exceptional as cultural aspects such as music, language and mode of dressing among others are exposed to various changes on a daily basis. It is for this reason that the study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Lipton, M. (1977), Why Poor People Stay Poor, Urban Bias in World Development, London: Temple Smith The author indicates that the current state of developing economies can be contributed to a blind assumption of western modes of production. The erosion of critical values according to him has contributed to the current crisis. The impacts of globalisation have been implicated for this state of affairs. Pereira, W Seabrook, J. (1994), Global Parasites, Five Hundred Years of Western Culture, Bombay: Earthcare Books To begin with, the authors indicate that the current state of developing countries with regard to culture is worrying. This can be attributed to the globalisation trends that have compelled traditional communities to assume modern cultural values. This has led to assumption of western practices at the expense of the welfare of the locals. Western countries are labelled parasites by the authors because of the inherent lack of sustainability and injustice of the relationships they share with developing economies. Shiva, V. (1988), Staying Alive, Women Ecology and Development, London: Zed Books As a woman the author begins by underscoring the benefits of women on the environment. She indicates that women of developing countries used to interact in a sustainable manner with the environment before the introduction of globalisation. She blames globalisation for erosion of vital cultural beliefs, practices and taboos that were imperative in environmental protection. Huntington, P. (1993), The Clash of Civilization, Foreign Affairs, 72(3), p 22 In a journal article titled The Clash of Civilizations, which was later developed into a full book, the Harvard University Professor has produced one of the influencing later work on the concept that cultural identity will be the principal aspect that divides the world. He states: The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. (1993, p 22) Huntington, P. (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Touchstone Huntington states that globalisation has had far reaching impacts on global populations. This is because most of its values and virtues conflict with the traditional value system. Specifically, cultural aspects of traditional populations in countries such as Algeria have suffered the most as they have been eroded. This information was considered important for the study at hand. Schaeffer, K. (2002), Understanding Globalisation, The Social Consequences of Political, Economic and Environmental Change, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield The author provides important information regarding the social consequences of globalisation. With regard to the cultural transformations, the author cites that the development of a global culture has enabled all countries to assume similar values and virtues that are fundamental for harmonic living. Native populations of Algeria according to the author can be able to interact effectively with the rest of the global populations. With an economy that is depended on the production of other countries, this is undoubtedly essential for effective functioning. Waters, M. (1995), Globalisation, London: Rutledge According to waters, one main impact that globalisation has had on the population of the developing countries such as Algeria is the migration of individuals to other parts of the globe in search for better standards of living. This is because of the adoption of new cultural ideals which have had both positive and negative impacts. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf Accessed on 19/07/2010. This paper highlights the supremacy of English language over other languages. As English language has progressed toward paramountcy, the status of other languages such as French, Spanish, Arabic, German, Russian, etc., has changed. At the same time, lots of languages and dialects are actually in danger of disappearance. Some hundreds of languages are considered to be spoken by very few, elderly people if not virtually extinct. Rich, B. (1994), Mortgaging the Earth: The World Bank, Environmental Impoverishment and Crisis of Development, Boston: Beacon Press, The author indicates that current developments have increasingly undermined environmental sustainability. The underlying objectives of economic development have been questioned by the author on the premise that they essentially seek to benefit the north. The South on the other hand suffers devastating effects that stem from assumption of western cultural ideals. Dayan, D. (2001), The Peculiar Public of Television. Media, Culture and Society, 23 (6), pp 743-765. The author argues that the development of a common global culture was greatly contributed to by technology such as television. This enlaces free flow of information to different segments of the society. Since it has portrayed the western culture to be ideal, traditional culture in the South is threatened by complete erosion.